The oldest board game that we know of is the Egyptian game of Senet which dates back to 3,300 BC.
Its full ancient name was “senet net hab“, which means ‘game of passing through’; this is because the aim of the game is to get from one end of the board to the other.
The game consists of 10 or more pawns on a 30 square playing board of rectangular slabs made of wood, limestone, or faience.
The rules of the game have not survived so we can only make an educated guess of how it was played.
